Large trees surrounding and within the cultural heritage sites are being maintained through pruning and removal, aiming to reduce the likelihood of harm and negative consequences stemming from their presence. The new management model for the long-term successful protection of these cultural heritages demands scientific validation. A painstaking study of these concerns is crucial for the development of fresh policies and initiatives to be applied not just in Cambodia but internationally.
Worldwide, the species within the Phyllosticta genus (Phyllostictaceae, Botryosphaeriales) includes plant pathogens, endophytes, and saprobes that colonize various host organisms. This study's isolates connected to leaf spots were derived from Quercusaliena and Viburnumodoratissimum, and their classification was performed via morphological attributes and phylogenetic estimations from data acquired using five genetic markers (ITS, LSU, tef1, act, and gapdh). The research outcomes substantiated the introduction of two novel species, Phyllosticta anhuiensis and P. guangdongensis. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences demonstrates that P.anhuiensis and P.guangdongensis represent two discrete lineages within the P.concentrica and P.capitalensis species complexes, differentiating them from all presently classified species in the genus. GSK503 nmr The morphological structure of Phyllosticta anhuiensis and Phyllosticta guangdongensis, being typical of the genus Phyllosticta, is differentiated from that of related species solely by the length of the conidial appendage.
Two Astrothelium species, newly discovered, are reported from the Bolivian Andes' Yungas forest. The genus Astrotheliumchulumanense is noted for its pseudostromata that share the color of its thallus; perithecia are mostly immersed in the thallus, but their upper part extends above the thallus surface, covered with orange pigment, except for the very tops; ostioles are apical and fused; the absence of lichexanthone is observed (yet the thallus exhibits an orange-yellow UV fluorescence); the hamathecium is clear; 8-spored asci contain amyloid, large, muriform ascospores, which are divided by median septa. Astrotheliumisidiatum, exclusively present in a sterile state, forms isidia in groups on areoles, which readily fragment to expose a medulla that structurally resembles soralia. The two-locus phylogenetic tree demonstrates that both species share a common ancestry within the Astrothelium s.str. clade. Isidia production, previously undocumented, has now been observed in the Astrothelium genus and the Trypetheliaceae family.
The genus Apiospora, with its broad array of endophytic, pathogenic, and saprophytic members, boasts a widespread geographic distribution and host range. Using a combined dataset of ITS, LSU, tef1, and tub2 sequences, alongside morphological characteristics, host preference, and ecological distribution, this study classified six Apiospora strains isolated from diseased and healthy bamboo leaves in Hainan and Shandong provinces of China. resistance to antibiotics The morphological characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of Apiosporadongyingensis, A. hainanensis, and A. pseudosinensis, are analyzed, leading to descriptions of two new species from China and a new record of the latter. Illustrated and detailed descriptions of the three taxonomic groups are presented, including comparisons with closely related taxa within the genus.
With diverse ecological characteristics, the fungi Thelebolales are distributed across the globe. Due to ongoing debate surrounding Thelebolales' classification, this study presents two new taxa, the result of detailed morphological and phylogenetic assessments. Strong support was found by phylogenetic analyses for the distinct lineages formed by the newly discovered taxa, which were isolated from other members of Thelebolales. No sexual structures were observed in the recently categorized taxa detailed herein. The morphological distinctions between the new taxa and other Thelebolales species, as well as their phylogenetic relationships, are examined.
Southwest China served as the source for specimens that led to the description of the new species Termitomycestigrinus and T.yunnanensis. The morphology of Termitomycesyunnanensis is notable for its venose pileus. Centered color ranges from grey, to olive grey, to light grey, and finally to greenish grey, becoming a lighter grey at the margin. The accompanying stipe is cylindrical and white. Termitomycestigrinus is morphologically characterized by a pileus displaying alternating greyish white and dark grey zones, with a densely tomentose to tomentose-squamulose surface, and a stipe that is bulbous at its base. Combined nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-58S-ITS2 rDNA (ITS), mitochondrial rDNA small subunit (mrSSU), and nuclear rDNA large subunit (nrLSU) phylogenetic analyses validate the presence of two novel species. A discussion of the morphological diversity of T. intermedius is presented, encompassing five newly collected specimens from Yunnan Province, China. The stipe surface color and the form of cheilocystidia were observed to vary in the collections, when scrutinized against the original description. Full descriptions of T.intermedius and the two newly discovered species, plus a taxonomic key to the 14 Termitomyces species documented from China, are provided.
The substrate ecologies of fungal species within the Mycocaliciales (Ascomycota) order are frequently highly specialized and diverse. Within the Chaenothecopsis genus, a considerable number of species are exclusively found on the fresh or solidified resins, or other exudates, of vascular plants. In New Zealand's plant kingdom, Chaenothecopsisschefflerae, previously recognized as a species feeding on plant exudates, is found on multiple endemic members of the Araliaceae family. Details of three novel species, Chaenothecopsis matai Rikkinen, Beimforde, Tuovila & A.R. Schmidt, C. nodosa Beimforde, Tuovila, Rikkinen & A.R. Schmidt, and C. novae-zelandiae Rikkinen, Beimforde, Tuovila & A.R. Schmidt, are presented. These species are specifically found on exudates of endemic New Zealand Podocarpaceae conifers, especially those of Prumnopitystaxifolia. This, along with the constrained host range, points toward the unique New Zealand origin of all three taxa. Between the ascomata, copious insect frass is evident; it frequently harbors ascospores or reflects an early stage of ascomata formation, unequivocally supporting insect-mediated fungal distribution. The first examples of Chaenothecopsis, a total of three new species, are documented in New Zealand, marking the initial discovery of the genus within both gymnosperm exudates and Podocarpaceae species.
A mycological survey in the Democratic Republic of the Congo yielded a fungal specimen that displayed morphological characteristics similar to the American species Hypoxylonpapillatum. A study of Hypoxylon spp. adopted a polyphasic approach, integrating morphological and chemotaxonomic analysis with a multigene phylogenetic investigation (ITS, LSU, tub2, and rpb2). Scientists, examining representatives of related genera, discovered that this strain marked a fresh and unique species of the Hypoxylaceae. Nonetheless, the multi-locus phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel fungus grouped with *H. papillatum* in a distinct clade apart from the remaining *Hypoxylon* species. A study utilizing ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and ion mobility tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-IM-MS/MS) was carried out on the samples extracted from the stromata. In particular, the tandem mass spectrometry analyses of the predominant stromatal metabolites of these species demonstrated the formation of hitherto unknown azaphilone pigments with a structural framework akin to cohaerin-type metabolites, found exclusively within the Hypoxylaceae. These research findings necessitate the formal introduction of the genus Parahypoxylon. Besides P.papillatum, the genus's species list also includes P.ruwenzoriensesp. Within the Hypoxylaceae's basal clade, nov. was clustered with the type species, and its sister genus, Durotheca.
Colletotrichum species encompass a wide range of roles, encompassing plant pathogenicity, saprophytic capabilities, endophytic lifestyles, human infection potential, and entomopathogenicity. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of data regarding Colletotrichum's existence as an endophyte within plants and cultivars like Citrusgrandis cv. Tomentosa: a botanical treasure boasting unusual qualities. The host plant, found in Huazhou, Guangdong Province (China), provided 12 endophytic isolates of Colletotrichum during the 2019 study. Phylogenetic analysis, leveraging multiple genes (nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), chitin synthase 1 (CHS-1), histone H3 (HIS3), actin (ACT), beta-tubulin (-TUB), and glutamine synthetase (GS)), in conjunction with morphological examination, identified six Colletotrichum species, including two novel species, Colletotrichum guangdongense and C. tomentœae. metal biosensor First recorded occurrences of Colletotrichum asiaticum, C. plurivorum, C. siamense, and C. tainanense focused on C. grandis cultivar cases. Tomentosa displays a widespread international presence. Comprehensive investigation of endophytic Colletotrichum species affecting C. grandis cv. forms the core of this initial study. Within the vast expanse of China, tomentosa resides.
Plant endophytes, pathogens, or saprophytes, in the form of Diaporthe species, have been reported on an extensive number of plant hosts. Researchers in China identified Diaporthe strains, isolated from the leaf spots of Smilax glabra and the dead culms of Xanthium strumarium, employing a combined morphological and molecular phylogenetic approach that focused on the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), calmodulin, histone H3, translation elongation factor 1-alpha, and -tubulin genes. The present investigation thus yielded the identification, detailed description, and illustrative depictions of two new species: Diaportherizhaoensis and D.smilacicola.
The SMILE lenticule is the entirety of the corneal stroma removed during the SMILE refractive eye surgery.